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<h1 id="一、execute命令"><a href="#一、execute命令" class="headerlink" title="一、execute命令"></a><font size=3>一、<code>execute</code>命令</font></h1><p>在<code>vim</code>中有这么一个命令，可以将字符串作为<code>Ex</code>命令执行。它就是<code>execute</code>命令，详情也可以查看中文在线文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/doc/eval.html#:execute">VIM: eval - execute   <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></p>
<h2 id="1-基本格式"><a href="#1-基本格式" class="headerlink" title="1. 基本格式"></a><font size=3>1. 基本格式</font></h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:exe[cute] &#123;expr1&#125; ..</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>计算 <code>&#123;expr1&#125;</code>，返回的字符串作为 <code>Ex</code> 命令执行。多个参数用空格连接。如果不想有额外的空格，使用 <code>.</code>操作符来连接字符串使之成为一个参数。</p>
<p>【注意】</p>
<p>（1）<code>&#123;expr1&#125;</code> 用作被处理的命令，命令行编辑的键不会被识别，<strong>后面不能跟注释</strong>。</p>
<p>（2）双引号内部尽量不要套双引号，否则可能会被识别为变量从而产生错误信息。</p>
<p>（3）最好还是使用双引号，单引号似乎有很大的问题，至少我在测试的时候是这个样子。</p>
<h2 id="2-基本用法"><a href="#2-基本用法" class="headerlink" title="2. 基本用法"></a><font size=3>2. 基本用法</font></h2><p>在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:execute &quot;echo &#x27;Hello, world!&#x27;&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Hello, world!</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>vim</code>把字符串<code>&quot;echo &#39;Hello, world!&#39;&quot;</code>当作一个命令来执行了。 <code>Execute</code>是一个非常强大的工具，因为它允许我们用任意字符串来创造命令。</p>
<p>我们同样可以使用<code>.</code>来连接两个字符串，使其成为一个参数，在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:execute &quot;rightbelow vsplit &quot; . &quot;test.py&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>vim</code>将在当前缓冲区窗口的右边打开一个竖直分割窗口(<code>vertical split</code>)并创建了一个新的缓冲区，名字为<code>test.py</code>。这是<code>vim</code>将<code>rightbelow vsplit</code>和<code>test.py</code>连接在一起，创建了一个新的字符串<code>&quot;rightbelow vsplit  test.py&quot;</code>，这时候<code>execute</code>将该字符串作为命令执行后就产生了刚才的结果。</p>
<h1 id="二、normal命令"><a href="#二、normal命令" class="headerlink" title="二、normal命令"></a><font size=3>二、<code>normal</code>命令</font></h1><p>我们已经接触了很多<code>vim</code>命令了，但都跟日常中在<code>normal</code>模式下处理文本的方式无关。 有没有一种办法能把我们的脚本跟日常的文本编辑命令结合起来呢？<code>vim</code>已经帮我们想到了，并为我们提供了方法，那就是<code>normal</code>命令，详情也可以查看中文在线文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/doc/various.html#:normal">VIM: various - normal  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></p>
<h2 id="1-基本格式-1"><a href="#1-基本格式-1" class="headerlink" title="1. 基本格式"></a><font size=3>1. 基本格式</font></h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:norm[al][!] &#123;commands&#125; &quot; 执行若干普通模式命令 &#123;commands&#125;。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<table>
    <tr>
        <td align="center" width=100px>!</td>
        <td align="left">如果给出 [!]，不使用映射。如果没有，如果一个不可重新映射的映射 ( :noremap ) 调用该命令，它的参数就因而还是有可能被重新映射。</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td align="center" width=100px>{commands}</td>
        <td align="left"> {commands} 必须是完整的命令。如果 {commands} 没有完整
给出一个命令，未完成的最后那个命令会被终止，如同键入了&lt;Esc&gt;或 &lt;C-C&gt; 一样。</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<p>【注意】</p>
<p>（1）<code>&#123;commands&#125;</code> 不能以空格开始，如果要，前面加个计数 <code>1(one)</code>。<code>1</code> 就是一个空格。</p>
<p>（2）该命令后面不能跟其他命令。因为任何<code>|</code>都被认为是命令的一部分。</p>
<p>（3）该命令可以递归使用，但是深度不能超过<code>maxmapdepth</code>（最大次数的映射次数，缺省为 1000）。</p>
<p>（4）一个替代<code>normal</code>的方法是使用<code>execute</code>，它可以用表达式作为参数。这样就可使用可显示字符来代表特殊字符。</p>
<h2 id="2-基本用法-1"><a href="#2-基本用法-1" class="headerlink" title="2. 基本用法"></a><font size=3>2. 基本用法</font></h2><p>在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:normal G</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会发现，光标移动到了文件最后一行，就跟在<code>normal</code>模式中按下了<code>G</code>一样。然后我们使用<code>execute</code>命令来替代<code>normal</code>试一下效果，在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:execute &quot;normal G&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会发现，光标依然定位到了最后一行。</p>
<h2 id="3-避免映射"><a href="#3-避免映射" class="headerlink" title="3. 避免映射"></a><font size=3>3. 避免映射</font></h2><p>在命令模式下执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:nnoremap G dd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这是一个映射，将<code>G</code>的功能改为了删除当前行，此时按下<code>G</code>的时候，会发现当前行被删除了。</p>
<p>现在在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:normal G</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>此时，光标不会定位到最后一行了，而是把当前行删除了。也就是说<code>normal</code>命令会顾及当前的所有映射。这意味着我们需要给<code>normal</code>提供类似于<code>nnoremap</code>之于<code>nmap</code>的版本， 否则我们没法使用它。前边介绍这个命令的时候有一个<code>!</code>，这下，它就派上了用场，在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:normal! G</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>此时光标被移动到文件最后一行，而并没有删除当前行，然而，当我们在普通模式中按下<code>G</code>的时候，当前行依然被删掉了。</p>
<p>所以为了避免映射对我们造成影响，我们应该总是使用<code>normal!</code>，永不使用<code>normal</code>。不要对自己在<code>~/.vimrc</code>中的映射有那么大自信。</p>
<h2 id="4-特殊字符"><a href="#4-特殊字符" class="headerlink" title="4. 特殊字符"></a><font size=3>4. 特殊字符</font></h2><p>接下来，我们来尝试以下命令，在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:normal! /group&lt;cr&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>理论上来说，它应该会开始搜索<code>group</code>，但实际上看到的却是它不会正常工作。 问题就在于<code>normal!</code>不会解析像<code>&lt;cr&gt;</code>那样的特殊字符序列。所以<code>vim</code>会意识到我们要进行搜索，但是它不会意识到我们也按下了回车来进行搜索，那么这个问题怎么解决呢？</p>
<p>以前我们经常用到转义字符<code>\</code>，我们是否可以使用<code>\</code>来使<code>vim</code>识别特殊的按键呢？在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:normal! gg/group\&lt;cr&gt;dd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>但是似乎问题依然没有都得到解决，我们想到，以前使用转义字符都是在字符串中使用，这里又不是字符串，那要是命令变成字符串不就可以了吗？那么我们再来尝试加上<code>execute</code>再来试试，在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:execute &quot;normal! gg/group\&lt;cr&gt;dd&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们惊奇的发现，可以了，它找到了首次出现<code>group</code>的行，然后把这行删除了。</p>
<h2 id="5-行尾加分号"><a href="#5-行尾加分号" class="headerlink" title="5. 行尾加分号"></a><font size=3>5. 行尾加分号</font></h2><p>接下来我们进行一个实践操作，这个操作将会很有用。在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:execute &quot;normal! mqA;\&lt;esc&gt;`q&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看命令分析 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="center" width=100px>mq</td><td align="left">保存当前位置到标记"q"。</td></tr>    <tr><td align="center" width=100px>A</td><td align="left">移动到当前行的末尾并在最后一个字符后进入insert模式。</td></tr>    <tr><td align="center" width=100px>;</td><td align="left">我们现在位于insert模式，所以仅仅是写入了一个";"。</td></tr>    <tr><td align="center" width=100px>\&lt;esc&gt;</td><td align="left">这是一个表示Esc键的转义字符串序列，把我们带离insert模式。</td></tr>    <tr><td align="center" width=100px>`q</td><td align="left">回到标记"q"所在的位置。</td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<p>这个命令将会在光标当前位置所在行的结尾加上一个<code>;</code>并保持光标不动。</p>

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